Fitness-related consequences of competitive interactions between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon at different proportional representations of wild–farmed hybrids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Houde, A. S., Fraser, D. J., and Hutchings, J. A. 2010. Fitness-related consequences of competitive interactions between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon at different proportional representations of wild–farmed hybrids. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 657–667. Escaped farmed fish possess heritable characteristics that may give them and their wild–farmed hybrid offspring a competitive advantage over wild fish. Limited research has examined whether the results of wild vs. farmed pairwise behavioural contests can predict the change in fitness-related traits of wild fish when exposed to wild–farmed hybrids, or to different proportions of such hybrids, within stream environments. Pairwise aggression tests on North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) revealed that regional farmed salmon and wild–farmed hybrids (F1, F2, and wild backcrosses) were more competitive than wild fish from two divergent populations. The ranking by which hybrids differed in competitive ability from wild fish also depended on the wild population. However, the magnitude of change in fitness-related traits of wild fish, such as mortality, size, and condition, from the same two populations could not be predicted from pairwise test results when replicate groups of wild fish were exposed to different proportions of hybrids (wild:hybrid ratios of 50:50, 70:30, and 85:15) in semi-natural stream environments. Notably, there was greater mortality of both wild and hybrid fish in treatments containing 30% hybrids for both populations; at a composition of 50% hybrids, the mortality of wild fish in one population increased more than it did in the other. The results suggest that for the life stage examined and provided the rate of farmed intrusion and wild–farmed interbreeding remains low (i.e. ≤15% hybrids), the effects of competitive interaction with their farmed counterparts may have comparatively little effect on the mortality of wild populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".