Evaluation of C. albicans Adhesion and Growth on Restorative Dental Materials Enriched or not with Fluoride
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Candida albicans (C.albicans) is the most prevalent fungus in the human oral cavity and has been known as the primary cause of denture-related stomatitis.Candida cells have a high adhering potential to dental material in almost the same manner as to oral tissues, and they are known to form biofilm that leads to C. albicans resistance against antifungal drugs.The aim of this study was to investigate C. albicans adhesion and growth on different restorative dental materials and studied the effect of fluoride on C. albicans growth and morphological transition.To this end, C. albicans (Sc 5314) was cultured on acrylic resins, composite resin, and glass-ionomer materials.Growth was analyzed at various times using scanning electron microscopy analyses and cell proliferation assay.The effect of different concentrations (50 and 100 ppm) of exogenous fluoride on C. albicans growth and yeast-to-hyphae transition was investigated.Scanning electron microscopy showed that C. albicans adhered to all of the tested restorative materials.Adhesion was greater on diamond D and ivocap than on composite resin and glass ionomer.After 1 to 4 days, C. albicans growth on acrylic resins was two folds that of the composite resin and the glass-ionomer.The latter also displayed the lowest adhesion and growth which may be due to the release of antimicrobial molecules such as fluoride present in this material.This hypothesis is supported by our results showing that exogenous fluoride significantly inhibits C. albicans growth and its morphological changes from blastospore to hyphal form.This study clearly demonstrates that restorative materials are conducive to C. albicans adhesion and growth.Exogenous fluoride was also shown to down-regulate C. albicans growth and morphological changes.Overall data suggest the possible integration of fluoride into dental materials which may control oral microbial pathogenesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".