LPS‐Induced Occult Loss in Mice Requires FGL2
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PROBLEM: FGL2 prothrombinase is required for spontaneous abortion (resorptions) in the CBA x DBA/2 model, and for abortions in C57Bl/6 (B6) mice triggered by Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Unlike abortions, occult losses in B6 mice, which begin before gestation day 9.5 in mice, do not require the tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor type 1, and may be triggered by either Salmonella enteritidis or Escherichia coli LPS. Heterozygous matings of fgl2+/-xfgl2+/- B6 mice also have a high spontaneous occult loss of fgl2-/- and to a lesser extent, fgl2+/- embryos caused by hemorrhage between trophoblast and Reichert's membrane. However, the frequency of such losses appears to vary among breeding periods and between laboratories. METHOD OF STUDY: We tested the hypothesis that FGL2-deficient embryos were uniquely susceptible to LPS by treating B6 fgl2+/-xfgl2+/- heterozygous matings with 2 microg E. coli LPS intraperitoneally on day 6.5 of pregnancy. Progesterone 2 mg in 100 microL sesame oil was administered subcutaneously at the same time to ensure that the effects of the LPS were not because of suppression of ovarian hormone production. PCR DNA genotyping was performed on embryos at day 13.5 of pregnancy, or after parturition. RESULTS: Surprisingly, we found that LPS caused occult loss of fgl2+/+, and to a lesser extent fgl2+/- embryos, both at term and by PCR typing of embryos at gestation day 13.5, and these losses obscured the effect of fgl2 knockout. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous loss of fgl2-/- embryos may relate to adhesion effects, whereas fgl2+/+ embryos are susceptible to LPS-induced loss; fgl2+/- embryos may be affected by both mechanisms. Antagonizing FGL2 could prevent occult pregnancy loss in some human and animal situations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".