Immunohistochemical study of BRAF V600E mutant protein expression in high-grade sarcomas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BRAF V600E is a mutation present in numerous neoplasms, including melanomas, thyroid, colorectal and ovarian carcinomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis. Vemurafenib, a BRAF V600E kinase inhibitor has been successfully used in the treatment of melanoma. The role of this mutation in unclassified high-grade sarcomas, malignancies with very limited treatment options, has not been widely studied. Because of the availability of a highly sensitive and specific antibody (VE1) against the BRAF V600E mutant protein, we tested 48 cases of unclassified high-grade sarcomas. Cytoplasmic expression intensity was graded as negative (0), or positive (2+ or 3+) by two pathologists and a pathology resident. Forty one out of 48 specimens remained intact in the cores after immunohistochemistry (IHC) processing. Six of the 41 cases (15%) were scored as positive. In addition, non-specific nuclear staining was detected in 12/88 cores (14%). The 6 positive cases were tested for the BRAF V600E mutation by RT-PCR, and all were negative. Based on these results, we concluded that BRAF V600E mutation is rare in unclassified high-grade sarcomas, and because of the non-specific staining, results should be interpreted with caution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".