Federal‐municipal relations in Canada: The changing organizational landscape
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Drawing on research that is part of the five‐year Major Collaborative Research Initiative project examining public policy in Canadian municipalities, this article provides an overview of the federal‐municipal machinery developed to facilitate urban policy and program development. The “federal‐municipal machinery” refers to the many programs and initiatives that have been used to structure federal‐municipal relations and influence urban policy and development. The research time frame begins with the period leading up to the creation of the Ministry of State for Urban Affairs, in 1971, and continues through four decades to include recent events of note such as the creation of the Prime Minister's Caucus Task Force on Urban Issues, the subsequent announcements of the New Deal, and the Gas Tax Fund for Canada's cities and communities. The authors begin with a discussion of why federal governments involve themselves in municipal and urban affairs and then provide an overview of their analysis by identifying patterns and trends in the evolution of federal‐municipal machinery. They then discuss the effectiveness of the machinery, over three periods, and conclude by considering the implications of their findings for the future of federal‐municipal relations in the context of the growing pressures facing urban Canada. Sommaire : Fondé sur la recherche entreprise sur cinq ans dans le cadre du projet intitulé«Grands travaux de recherche concertée» qui examine la politique gouvernementale dans les municipalités canadiennes, le présent article donne un aperçu de l'appareil fédéral‐municipal mis au point pour faciliter l'élaboration de programmes et de politiques dans le secteur urbain. L'«appareil fédéral‐municipal» fait référence aux nombreux programmes et initiatives qui ont servi à structurer les relations fédérales‐municipales et à influencer la politique d'urbanisme et son développement. Le cadre de référence de la recherche commence avec la période menant à la création du département d'État chargé des Affaires urbaines en 1971 et se poursuit sur quatre décennies pour inclure de récents événements remarquables, comme la création du Groupe de travail du caucus du premier ministre sur les affaires urbaines du Canada, les annonces subséquentes du Nouveau Pacte et du Fonds de la taxe sur l'essence pour les villes et collectivités du Canada. Les auteurs commencent par une discussion sur la raison pour laquelle les gouvernements fédéraux s'impliquent dans les affaires urbaines et municipales, puis ils présentent une vue d'ensemble de leur analyse en identifiant les modèles et les tendances dans l'évolution de l'appareil fédéral‐municipal. Enfin, ils discutent de l'efficacité de l'appareil sur trois périodes distinctes et concluent en examinant les implications de leurs résultats pour l'avenir des relations fédérales‐municipales dans le contexte des pressions croissantes auxquelles fait face le Canada urbain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".