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Record W2117916196

Autm U.S. Licensing Survey: Fy 2004 Survey Summary

2005· article· en· W2117916196 on OpenAlex
Ashley J. Stevens, Frances Toneguzzo, Dana Bostrom

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueSSRN Electronic Journal · 2005
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicBiotechnology and Related Fields
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsVenture capitalBusinessIntellectual propertyPrivate equityEquity (law)Investment (military)Fiscal yearSurvey data collectionAccountingMarketingFinancePolitical science
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This annual survey by The Association of UniversityTechnology Managers is a summary of technology licensing and related performance information for academic and non profit institutions, as well as asmall number of patent management and investment firms, for the fiscal year2004. In a departure from previous years' survey summaries, this report summarizes and discusses only the data for the United States. Survey results for Canada are summarized and discussed in a separate report, although the Canadian survey totals are included in the report's appended tables. Quantitative information from AUTM members using the AUTM Licensing Survey instrument is presented. Survey results are summarized for the 198 United States universities, hospitals, institutes and technology investment firms responding. Questions new for 2004 asked about types of intellectual property disclosed, types of initial patent applications, number of inventionsdisclosed, and funding source for startups. Results are summarized following the order of the technology transfer process: resources devoted to technology transfer, research support,invention disclosures, patent applications, issued patents, licensing information, startup companies, source of funding, and equity holdings. This year's report included brief discussions of the social impact of several specific projects. Findings for 2004 show steady growth in the six percent range for most performance measures. There is clear evidence of recovery from market conditions that hindered startups in the previous two years as a result ofchanges in capital markets. Venture investments stabilized after three years of decline, and the initial public offering market improved. In terms of gap funding mechanisms, individuals provided initial funding foralmost 50 percent of startups; only 20 percent of companies could attract venture capital. Appendices include survey methodology, definitions, the survey form, and survey totals for U.S. and Canadian institutions. (JSD/TNM)

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesResearch integrity
Consensus categoriesResearch integrity
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.361
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0020.014
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.012
GPT teacher head0.260
Teacher spread0.247 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it