Effect of pore size, shear rate, and harvest time during the constant permeate flux microfiltration of CHO cell culture supernatant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of the shear rate, the membrane pore size, and the age of the culture at time of harvest on transmembrane pressure (TMP) increase and membrane fouling during the microfiltration of a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell culture supernatant was investigated. A hollow fiber microfiltration system operated at constant permeate flux was used. The highest TMP increase with filtration time was observed for the small membrane pore size (0.20 microm) operated at the higher shear rate (8,000 s(-1)). Furthermore, the high overall fouling observed with the small membrane pore size was also associated with the highest irreversible fouling and the most significant decrease of predicted open pore area. The predicted reduction in open pore area obtained with the combined pore blockage and cake formation mechanism could explain the observed TMP profiles. Based on the overall membrane fouling, the long-term irreversible fouling and the initial fouling rate, derived from an empirical curve fitting, no effect of the time of harvest was observed but a dependence of the initial fouling rate on the shear rate was identified. Treatment of the fouled membrane with water showed the presence of a more significant reversible fouling at high shear rates and increased irreversible fouling with smaller membrane pore size. It is recommended to use the large membrane pore size (0.45 microm) and the low shear rate (4,000 s(-1)) to minimize fouling associated with the soluble components of serum-free CHO cell culture supernatant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".