Further Evidence Supporting a Parent‐of‐Origin Effect in Psoriatic Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To further explore the "parent-of-origin" effect in a large cohort of well-phenotyped patients with cutaneous psoriasis without arthritis (PsC) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS: Self-reported family history was obtained from PsA patients from Toronto and Newfoundland satisfying the Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis criteria, and PsC patients from Toronto, who were examined by a rheumatologist to exclude PsA. Proportions of probands with paternally and maternally transmitted psoriatic disease were compared by McNemar's and chi-square tests. Baseline clinical and genetic characteristics of probands with paternally and maternally transmitted disease were compared using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 849 probands reported a first-degree relative affected with psoriatic disease (PsC or PsA), of which 532 (63%) reported an affected parent. A significantly larger proportion of probands reported an affected father compared to an affected mother with psoriatic disease (289 [57%] versus 220 [43%], respectively; P = 0.003). This paternal transmission bias was evident in PsA (P = 0.006) and PsC probands, although it did not reach statistical significance in PsC probands (P = 0.20). Furthermore, the proportion of paternal PsC-proband PsA pairs (161 of 214 paternal transmissions [75%]) was significantly larger than maternal PsC-proband PsA pairs (103 of 161 maternal transmissions [64%]) (P = 0.02). Newfoundland probands with paternally transmitted disease had higher HLA-B*08 carriage (P = 0.04) and lower MICA-129Met carriage (P = 0.03). Males had higher HLA-B*38 carriage (P = 0.05) and a higher prevalence of nail lesions (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: We have provided further epidemiologic evidence of a paternal transmission bias in psoriatic disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".