Creatinine adsorption capacity of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (<scp>PAN</scp>)‐zeolite nanofiber membranes for potential artificial kidney applications
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Innovative dialysis membranes are needed for dialysis, which is the primary treatment for patients with end stage renal disease. In this study, we developed a polyacrylonitrile zeolite nanofiber composite membrane using an electrospinning process to adsorb uremic toxins through molecular sieve mechanism. Scanning electron microscope images revealed that the average diameter of the fiber fabricated with 10 wt % polyacrylonitrile was 673 nm and that of polyacrilonitirle‐zeolite membranes were 277−419 nm. The creatinine adsorption behavior of 500‐KOA (L), 720‐KOA (Farrierite), 840‐NHA (ZSM‐5), and 940‐HOA (Beta) zeolite powders were investigated. Among all the zeolites, 940‐HOA zeolites showed the best performance. The creatinine adsorption capacity of 940‐zeolite powders increased from 2234 µg/g in 50 µmol/L creatinine solution to 25423 µg/g in 625 µmol/L creatinine solution. The speed of adsorption was very quick; 0.025 g of 940‐zeolite powders can eliminate 91% of 2 µmol creatinine in 5 min. The zeolites incorporated inside the membrane had higher creatinine adsorption capacity than free zeolites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42418.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it