Population genetics of<i>Gaultheria shallon</i>in British Columbia and the implications for management using biocontrol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gaultheria shallon Pursh. (salal), an ericaceous shrub native to the Pacific Northwest, often out-competes regenerating conifer species in managed forests. A naturally occurring fungus, Valdensinia heterodoxa Peyronel, is being considered as a potential biocontrol agent for salal. Knowledge of the genetic diversity and population structure of salal will help assess the effectiveness and the potential risks of using a biocontrol agent in natural populations. Salal samples were collected from five populations, four on Vancouver Island and one on coastal mainland British Columbia. DNA fingerprints were obtained based on 230 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), of which 99.1% were variable. While salal has been reported to be a polyploid, it is likely that over time it is moving toward a diploid state. Based on a comparison of allele frequencies with known diploids, the AFLP loci used in this study appear to follow a diploid pattern; however, the levels of variation reported in this study may be an underestimation depending on the ploidy of salal. An intensively sampled population on Vancouver Island (Shawnigan Lake) showed isolation by distance and low kinship correlations, indicative of more sexual reproduction than expected for a predominantly clonal population. Our findings suggest that salal may be clonal at a very local scale (less than 5 m), and that with high levels of diversity within populations and little differentiation among populations, developing an effective biocontrol for salal may be challenging.Key words: population structure, genetic diversity, AFLP, biocontrol, Gaultheria shallon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".