Estrogen improves the hyperdynamic circulation and hyporeactivity of mesenteric arteries by alleviating oxidative stress in partial portal vein ligated rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effects of estrogen (E2) on systemic and splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation in portal hypertensive rats. METHODS: Fifty castrated female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: sham operation (SO), partial portal vein ligation (PPVL) + placebo (PLAC), PPVL + E2, PPVL + ICI and PPVL + E2 + ICI. Hemodynamic measurements were performed using ultrasonography. Mesenteric arteriole contractility in response to norepinephrine was determined using a vessel perfusion system. Oxidative stress in the mesenteric artery was investigated by in situ detection of the superoxide anion (O2•(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations. RESULTS: Treatment with E2 resulted in a significant decrease of portal pressure (P < 0.01) and portal venous inflow (P < 0.05), and higher systemic vascular resistance (P < 0.05) and splanchnic arteriolar resistance (P < 0.01) in PPVL + E2 rats compared to PPVL + PLAC rats. In the mesenteric arterioles of PPVL + E2 rats, the dose-response curve was shifted left, and the EC50 was decreased (P < 0.01). E2 reduced O2•(-) production and H2O2 concentration in the mesenteric artery. However, ICI182, 780 reversed the beneficial effects of E2, therefore, the systemic and splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation were more deteriorated in ICI182, 780-treated rats. CONCLUSION: Treatment with estrogen improved the systemic and splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation in PPVL rats, in part due to the alleviation of oxidative stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".