Modelling the anchorage of shallow-rooted trees
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present here a mechanistic model (the ‘Resistance’ model) that uses easily measurable or predictable input parameters describing tree, soil and root–soil plate characteristics to predict the anchorage strength of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) trees. Results show that for a given soil group and rooting depth, the anchorage moment can be modelled as being proportional to the square of the root–soil plate spread. Models are also developed of root–soil plate spread in relation to soil group and tree characteristics and are applied with the Resistance model to provide predictions of anchorage based on the diameter at breast height. To examine the relative sensitivity of trees on different soil groups and with different rooting depths, the models are applied here to an example where the leeward ‘hinge’ radius is constrained to a maximum of 1 m. The results are discussed in relation to forest wind risk modelling and stand management.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it