Effect of partially replacing silage with straw-barleysoybean meal mixtures on cow-calf performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Forty-eight multiparous, medium-framed cows, calving between Jan. 02 and Mar. 05 were used in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment with three totally mixed ration (TMR) formulations and two levels of protein supplementation. The TMRs were formulated to contain 75, 50 or 25% silage (DM basis). The balance of the diet comprised barley, barley straw, soybean meal and urea, such that all TMRs were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Supplemental protein was supplied as soybean meal at either 0 or 0.44 kg DM d-1. Diets were fed from Jan. 11 to turnout on May 26. Intake and performance were monitored during this period, and performance at pasture was recorded until weaning on Sep. 03. The only interactions between TMR and protein supplementation were a positive response to protein for DM intake (P < 0.05) at the 50% silage level and for blood urea N (P < 0.05) at the 25% silage level. Reducing the amount of silage in the TMR had no effects on calf performance or milk production, except that milk protein concentration was higher when the TMR contained 50% silage (quadratic effect; P < 0.04). However as the percentage of silage in the TMR declined, cows lost less body weight (linear effect; P < 0.001) and appeared to improve in condition. The interval between calving and conception increased linearly as the percentage of silage in the TMR declined (P < 0.05). Supplemental protein had no major effects on performance, but limited the loss of body condition during the feeding period (P < 0.03), although this was offset by increased loss of condition on pasture (P < 0.01). There were no effects of protein supplementation on calf performance or reproductive efficiency. It is concluded that silage can be successfully replaced with other ingredients in winter beef rations, provided the nutrient concentration is balanced. Supplemental protein had little effect on any parameters of performance. Key words: Beef cow, cow-calf, silage, straw, gains, weaning weight, reproduction
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".