Developing ToF‐SIMS methods for investigating the degradation of plastic debris on beaches
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Plastic debris in the Earth's oceans and larger freshwater (FW) bodies presents a serious environmental threat to aquatic organisms. Degradation of plastic by mechanical erosion and chemical weathering is minimal in water. Once deposited on beaches, plastic fragments are exposed to UV radiation and physical processes controlled by winds, currents and waves. Recent work has indicated that saltwater (SW) beach plastics feature both mechanically and chemically weathered surface textures, wherein mechanically weakened fractures are the sites of granular oxidation textures. Analysis of lacustrine (FW) beach plastics is now ongoing, and shows similar textural effects of mechanical and chemical weathering. TOF‐SIMS, with its high spatial resolution and ability to detect molecular species, is ideally suited to explore chemical changes and oxidative processes occurring in these plastics. The method enables detection of low levels of absorbed species present in oxidized polymeric materials. TOF‐SIMS analysis is currently being conducted to investigate the oxidation process in polyethylene beach plastics from both SW (Kauai, HI, USA) and FW (Lake Huron, ON, Canada) beaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it