Carrying Capacity, Utilization, and Weathering of Swathed Whole Plant Barley
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Winter grazing of swathed whole‐plant small grain crops can reduce costs for beef producers, but little is known about levels of carrying capacity, utilization and weathering losses of nutritive value and their year‐to‐year variability. The objective of the present study was to determine carrying capacity, utilization and weathering losses to nutritive value in relation to beef cow ( Bos taurus ) requirements during winter grazing of swathed whole‐plant spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) in a field‐scale trial. Pregnant beef cows (685 kg wt.) limit‐grazed swathed whole‐plant barley (November–February, 1997–2001) at daily available forage levels approximating 2% of body weight at Lacombe, AB. Carrying capacity was affected by barley yield, utilization rate, and average daily dry matter consumption. Carrying capacities ranged from 481 to 879 cow‐d ha −1 , utilization from 75.5 to 92% and daily dry matter consumption rates ranged from 8.6 to 12.9 kg cow‐d −1 . Weathering losses of nutritive value, as indicated by the difference between that of the standing crop and the mean of grazing season swath, were slight compared to a much larger difference between grazing season swath and residue. Generally, the nutritive requirements for maintenance of beef cows (NRC, 1996) could be readily met by swathed barley.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".