MEMORANDUM FOR: Science Writers and Editors on the Journal Press List: Improved Treatment Developed for Superficial Bladder Cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
April 12, 2000 (EMBARGOED FOR RELEASE 4 P.M. EDT April 17) A modified approach to standard chemotherapy may provide improved treatment for superficial bladder cancers. Jessie L.-S. Au, Pharm.D., Ph.D., Ohio State University, and colleagues, increased the concentration of the drug mitomycin C in the urine through several techniques. Their approach lengthened time to recurrence and increased the percentage of patients who were recurrence free at 5 years compared with standard mitomycin C therapy. These results are published in the April 18 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Mitomycin C is infused directly into the bladder of bladder cancer patients in a technique called intravesical chemotherapy. Patient response rates to standard intravesical mitomycin C are variable. In this study at 14 institutions in the United States, Canada, The Netherlands, and Spain, 111 patients received standard treatment, which involved six weekly treatments with 20 mg of mitomycin C in a 20-mL volume. These patients had their bladders emptied through catheterization prior to administration of mitomycin C, but no special efforts were made to restrict urine production or to empty the bladder as much as possible. Another 119 patients received an optimized treatment—six bladder instillations with 40 mg of mitomycin C in 20 mL. In addition, patients receiving the optimized intervention were told not to drink any fluids during the 8 hours before treatment, special efforts were made to empty their bladders as much as possible by catheterization before treatment, and they were given oral sodium bicarbonate to reduce the acidity of their urine because mitomycin C is unstable in acidic urine.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.087 | 0.068 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".