Free Radical Polymerization of Styrene with a New Tetrafunctional Peroxide Initiator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Bulk, free‐radical polymerization of styrene was carried out in the presence of a new tetrafunctional initiator (JWEB50, ATOFINA Chemicals, Inc.). The objective was to investigate the effect of initiator functionality on the free radical polymerization process. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with an on‐line multi‐angle laser light scattering (MALLS) detector was used to measure molecular weight (MW), molecular weight distribution (MWD), and radius of gyration ( R g ) of polystyrene. These results were compared to those with a monofunctional initiator, LupTBEC, also from ATOFINA. At equivalent molar concentrations, initiation with JWEB50 and LupTBEC produced polystyrene with similar MWs and MWDs. However, the rate of polymerization was faster with JWEB50. When LupTBEC was four times the molar concentration of JWEB50, equal rates of polymerization were achieved for both initiators. The MWDs were again similar, but the MWs were higher for the tetrafunctional initiation. Degree of branching and gelation were also investigated. A mixture of branched and linear polymer was produced by JWEB50, while no insoluble gel was formed. Decomposition of JWEB50, a tetrafunctional initiator. image Decomposition of JWEB50, a tetrafunctional initiator.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".