Virus and Antibody Dynamics in Acute West Nile Virus Infection
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The dynamics of the early stages of West Nile virus (WNV) infection can be assessed by follow-up studies of viremic blood donors. METHODS: A total of 245 donors with WNV viremia were followed up weekly for 4 weeks and then monthly for up to 6 additional months or until seroconversion. Plasma samples were tested for WNV RNA by transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and for WNV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. RNA persistence was investigated by 6 replicate TMA tests; samples that were viremic for >40 days were tested for WNV-neutralizing activity. Follow up of 35 additional viremic donors for up to 404 days was conducted to evaluate persistence of WNV-specific antibody. RESULTS: The median time from RNA detection to IgM seroconversion was 3.9 days; to IgG seroconversion, 7.7 days; to RNA negativity by single-replicate TMA, 13.2 days; and to RNA negativity by 6-replicate TMA, 6.1 additional days after results of single-replicate TMA are negative. For 4 donors in whom RNA persisted for >40 days after the index donation, all samples obtained after this threshold were also positive for WNV IgG and neutralizing activity. The mean times to IgM and IgA negativity were 156 and 220 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IgM and IgG develop rapidly after viremia and before RNA levels become undetectable, which occurred a mean of 13.2 days after the index donation among donors in this study. WNV RNA detection by replicate TMA rarely persists for >40 days after the index donation and is accompanied by WNV-specific neutralizing antibody, consistent with an absence of WNV transmission via transfusion of seropositive blood components.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it