<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> conidia survive and germinate in acidic organelles of A549 epithelial cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental mould that can cause invasive disease in the immunocompromised host. Previous work has shown that conidia can be internalized by lung epithelial cells (A549) and murine macrophages (J774) in vitro. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the fate of A. fumigatus conidia within the endosomal network of these cells. Co-localization of conidia expressing green fluorescent protein with proteins present in the early endosomal (CD71) and lysosomal (CD63, LAMP-1) membrane was assessed using confocal microscopy. In J774 cells, 75% of internalized conidia were found in phagosomes containing LAMP-1 120 minutes post-infection. In A549 cells, 55% and 58% of internalized conidia were found to co-localize with LAMP-1 and CD63 by 24 hours. Cathepsin D also co-localized with internalized conidia in A549 cells. Phagosomes containing conidia were shown to be acidified in both cell types. Less than 1% of the initial inoculum survived in J774 cells by 12 hours post-infection. After 24 hours, 3% of internalized conidia survived in A549 cells and 34% of these had germinated. By 36 hours, the germlings were able to escape the phagosome and form extracellular hyphae without lysis of the host cell.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".