Foliar nutrients explain goldspotted oak borer,<i><scp>A</scp>grilus auroguttatus</i>, adult feeding preference among four<scp>C</scp>alifornia oak species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Adults of the invasive goldspotted oak borer, A grilus auroguttatus S chaeffer ( C oleoptera: B uprestidae), consumed foliar weight in no‐choice feeding tests of, in descending order, C alifornia black oak Q uercus kelloggii N ewb., E ngelmann oak, Q uercus engelmannii G reene, coast live oak, Q uercus agrifolia N ée, and canyon live oak, Q uercus chrysolepis L iebm. ( F agaceae). Furthermore, significantly more foliar area was consumed of Q . kelloggii than of Q . chrysolepis . In dual‐choice feeding tests with isolated leaf disks, A . auroguttatus consumed significantly more foliar weight and area of Q . kelloggii relative to the other three oak species, and more foliar weight of Q . agrifolia than of Q . chrysolepis . In dual‐choice feeding tests with leaves on small branches, A . auroguttatus consumed more foliar weight of Q . kelloggii than of Q . engelmannii and Q . agrifolia . Thus, multiple experiments suggested that adults of A . auroguttatus preferred the foliage of Q . kelloggii over that of the other three oak species, and among the other three species they did not appear to have a strong feeding preference. Factor analysis reduced the quantities of 13 foliar nutrients into two new variables (factor 1 and factor 2). Factor 1 was weighted heavily on the quantities of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and copper, whereas factor 2 was weighted heavily on the quantities of zinc, iron, and aluminum. Factor 1 varied by oak species, with Q . kelloggii having a higher factor 1 nutrient content than the other three species. Factor 2 response was higher in Q . kelloggii , Q . agrifolia , and Q . engelmannii than in Q . chrysolepis . The collective effects of four macronutrients (nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and potassium) and two micronutrients (zinc and copper) suggest that these might be the nutrients directing preferential feeding of A . auroguttatus adults on the foliage of Q . kelloggii . Leaf toughness might also play an important role in feeding preference. Female A . auroguttatus did not show an ovipositional preference among the four oak species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".