A toxicokinetic study to elucidate 3‐hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene atypical urinary excretion profile following intravenous injection of benzo(a)pyrene in rats
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The toxicokinetics of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (3-OHBaP) were assessed in 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats injected intravenously with 40 micromol kg(1) of BaP to explain the reported atypical urinary excretion profile of 3-OHBaP. Blood, liver, kidney, lung, adipose tissue, skin, urine and feces were collected at t = 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 33, 48, 72 h post-dosing. BaP and 3-OHBaP were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence. A biexponential elimination of BaP was observed in blood, liver, skin and kidney (t((1/2)) of 4.2-6.1 h and 12.3-14.9 h for initial and terminal phases, respectively), while a monoexponential elimination was found in adipose tissue and lung (t((1/2)) of 31.2 and 31.5 h, respectively). A biexponential elimination of 3-OHBaP was apparent in blood, liver and skin (t((1/2)) of 7.3-11.7 h and 15.6-17.8 h for initial and terminal phases, respectively), contrary to adipose tissue, lung and kidney. In adipose tissue and lung, a monophasic elimination of 3-OHBaP was observed (t((1/2)) of 27.0 h and 24.1 h, respectively). In kidney, 3-OHBaP kinetics showed a distinct pattern with an initial buildup during the first 8 h post-dosing followed by a gradual elimination (t((1/2)) of 15.6 h). In the 72-h post-treatment, 0.21 +/- 0.09% (mean +/- SD) of dose was excreted as 3-OHBaP in urine and 12.9 +/- 1.0% in feces while total BaP in feces represented 0.40 +/- 0.16% of dose. This study allowed the identification of the kidney as a retention compartment governing 3-OHBaP atypical urinary excretion.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it