Functional Kernel-Based Modeling of Wavelet Compressed Optical Emission Spectral Data: Prediction of Plasma Etch Process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study reports the use of a kernel-based process model, consisting of kernel partial least squares regression and kernel ridge regression, to model etch rate and uniformity in a plasma etch process. In order to characterize the plasma etch process, a 24 - 1fractional factorial design was implemented on the process parameters: CHF3flow rate, CF4flow rate, RF power, and pressure. In this modeling, both functional data andin situoptical emission spectroscopy (OES) data associated with the etch response were used to formulate the model. In an effort to effectively deal with the complexity of the data, wavelet transformation with vertical-energy-thresholding (VET) shrinkage procedures were used to reduce the dimensions of the functional data. In addition, a Bayesian information criterion (BIC) was used to select the best subset to improve the model predictions. The proposed kernel-based approaches were evaluated by comparing them to conventional neural networks (NNs)-based modeling and linear-based regression techniques. Comparisons revealed that the proposed approach exhibits an improved prediction over NNs and linear-based models. Implicated in the study is a detection of process fault patterns by combining the kernel-based modeling, wavelet transformation with VET, and BIC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".