Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in an incident dialysis population
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's National Cholesterol Education Program 2001 Adult Treatment Panel III report defined the metabolic syndrome as having at least 3 of the following 5 criteria: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, an elevated blood pressure, and an elevated fasting glucose. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that the metabolic syndrome predisposes to cardiovascular disease (CVD). End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients requiring dialysis have a substantially elevated risk of CVD morbidity and mortality. Dialysis patients' increased risk can be partially explained by traditional and nontraditional risk factors. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in dialysis patients is unknown. This retrospective, cross-sectional study of 202 incident dialysis patients examined the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at the time of renal replacement therapy initiation. The study group was compared with all incident dialysis patients in 2002 on file with the U.S. Renal Data System. Females represented 39.1% of the study population. Blacks composed 34.7% of the study group. Diabetes was the etiology of ESKD in 44.6% of our patients. Surrogate criteria were used for the Adult Treatment Panel III risk factors of abdominal obesity and elevated fasting glucose levels. Overall, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 69.3% in our population and was especially prevalent among diabetic, female, and white ESKD patients. Study limitations included the use of surrogate markers for 2 criteria of the metabolic syndrome and dependence on the Medical Evidence Report (Form 2728) for baseline characteristics. In summary, the metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in incident dialysis patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".