Relationships of climate and cell features in stems and roots of black spruce and balsam fir
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• The anatomical differences of mature black spruces and balsam firs were examined at stem and root level in order to characterize their wood properties at cellular level and link these differences to climate. • Anatomical variability of these species was evaluated in relation to climate data gathered from 2001 to 2004 during the cell enlargement (CE) and wall thickening and lignification (WTL) phases. Lumen area, single cell wall thickness and total tracheid radial diameter were analyzed and regrouped into earlywood and latewood. • Results from a principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that both first eigenvectors account for 82% and 90% of total variance for CE and WTL respectively. These component factors revealed that precipitation, humidity and number of days with precipitation significantly influence the lumen area ( p = 0.0168) and radial cell diameter ( p = 0.0222) in earlywood. Significant differences were registered between species and tree parts (stem and root) for the lumen area, radial cell diameter and cell wall thickness in both earlywood and latewood. • In our study, black spruce exhibited smaller tracheid size in both stem and roots compared to balsam fir. Furthermore, the lower amount of tracheids produced during the growing season and higher proportion of latewood ensure a higher wood density of black spruce. The influence of temperature on earlywood formation is significant, whereas no influence was observed on latewood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".