4-nonylphenol-induced toxicity and apoptosis in <i>Hydra attenuata</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effects of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on the morphology and survival of the cnidarian Hydra attenuata were studied under acute exposure conditions. The lethal concentration value inducing 50% mortality after 96 h was 97.5 +/- 20 microg/L, whereas the lethal concentration value inducing 10% mortality after 96 h was 64 +/- 25.5 microg/L. The no-observed-effect concentration based on morphological criteria was less than 25 microg/L. Hydra was one of the most sensitive freshwater invertebrate species behind the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Toxicity effects appeared rapidly and did not evolve substantially between 24 and 96 h of exposure. Induction of apoptosis was registered during the first hour of exposure to 4-NP at lethal concentrations, indicating rapid effects of the chemical. Abnormal increase of apoptosis may explain the acute toxicity of 4-NP in hydra. Results show that hydra viability is affected in the short term at 4-NP concentrations normally found in contaminated sites, but not at those concentrations reflecting lower levels of environmental contamination.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".