Kinetics of ethylene biosynthesis and its effects during maturation of white spruce somatic embryos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of the current investigation was to study the role of ethylene in the maturation of white spruce ( Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss) somatic embryos. This was carried out by examining the effects of (1) 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC), a direct precursor of ethylene in plant tissue, (2) silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ), an inhibitor of ethylene action, (3) α ‐aminooxyamino acid (AOA), a potent inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, and (4) enrichment with ethylene. Ethylene biosynthesis was biphasic and gradually increased during embryo development, whereas endogenous ACC and N‐malonylaminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (mACC) decreased. Addition of ACC or AOA to the culture medium increased or decreased, respectively, ethylene biosynthesis by altering endogenous ACC levels during the culture period. In contrast to AOA and AgNO 3 , ACC and ethylene enrichment significantly decreased the production of mature somatic embryos and increased the browning of the cultures. However, the structure of the shoot apex in mature cotyledonary stage embryos formed under ethylene enrichment was similar to that in control systems. This shows that a reduction in ethylene is beneficial to maturation of white spruce somatic embryos. This is further substantiated by the finding that the inhibitory effects of AOA were partially reversed by the addition of ethylene. The possible effects of the interaction between ethylene and polyamines on somatic embryo development are also discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".