Effects of Microcystis aeruginosa and purified microcystin‐LR on the feeding behavior of <i>Daphnia pulicaria</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms behind the negative effects of cyanobacteria on zooplankton by comparing the effects of Microcystis aeruginosa single cells, colonies, and toxins on the feeding behavior of Daphnia pulicaria in three independent experiments. The animals were fed a mixture of Scenedesmus supplemented by increasing proportions (0, 20, 50, 80, 100%) of Microcystis or concentrations (0, 50, 500, 5,000 ng ml −1 ) of purified microcystin‐LR. The changes in feeding behavior, as indicated by the appendage beat, mandible or labrum movement rates were evaluated by a direct observation method that coupled video recording and computerized image analysis. Daphnia responded in a different manner to the presence of single cells and colonies. In the case of the single cells, the mandibular movement rate (MMR) declined more than appendage beat rate (ABR), suggesting that Daphnia have the ability to discriminate between Microcystis and Scenedesmus . Colonies, on the other hand, produced a typical feeding interference response: the animals increased their labral rejection rate (LRR) and showed starvation signs. LRR increased in the presence of both unicellular and colonial Microcystis . In both cases, the changes in MMR and ABR were rapidly reversible and hence unlikely to be caused by intoxication from the presence of cellbound microcystins. In contrast, the addition of purified microcystin‐LR at the concentration of 5,000 ng ml −1 produced a nonreversible impairment of Daphnia feeding behavior.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".