Localized Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Adjuvant Radiotherapy in the Era of Effective Systemic Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Investigators in Europe, Canada, and the United States recently established a definitive role for adjuvant systemic chemotherapy following resection of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This was no small accomplishment, as upward of 20 randomized trials had previously been conducted. The role of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) has been studied with far less vigor in the modern era. A 1998 meta-analysis of randomized trials suggesting that PORT was detrimental to survival included studies of doubtful quality. The value of PORT should be considered in the same context as recent chemotherapy trials. Advances in imaging have improved the accuracy of staging, patient selection, and target definition. Modern dosimetry and accelerator technologies have advanced the capacity to deliver radiation to the target with less tissue toxicity. Evolving philosophies in dosing and fractionation should improve the therapeutic ratio. Finally, it is reasonable to assume that the importance of local control will be enhanced in the setting of better systemic therapies. We will review the data on PORT and address critical issues in the design of trials to assess the role of modern radiotherapy in the integrated approach to management of early-stage NSCLC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".