A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Degradation Mechanisms in a Tin-Carbon Fibre Composite Anode for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrochemical degradation mechanisms of an Sn-carbon fibre composite anode, fabricated by electrodepositing an ultrafine grain (350 nm) Sn coating on a carbon fibre paper (CFP) and tested in a Li-ion cell, were studied. Using a current density of 1.50 mA cm-2, a reversible planar capacity of 2.96 mAh cm-2 and a capacity retention of 50% after twenty cycles were measured. TEM studies showed that lithiation/ delithiation was not uniform along the diameter of the carbon fibres. Additionally, the lithiation/ delithiation of the Sn coating gradually transformed the initial Sn grains with a (200) orientation to 4 nm-size Sn nanoclusters with a (220) orientation. This created a mixture of nanoparticles with different sizes (4-100 nm) and orientations embedded in an amorphous matrix that filled the micro-pores between the carbon fibres. Thus, the short-range electronic connection in the composite anode was undermined, and a reduction in the cell's capacity occurred.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".