A Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Degradation Mechanisms in a Tin-Carbon Fibre Composite Anode for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrochemical degradation mechanisms of an Sn-carbon fibre composite anode, fabricated by electrodepositing an ultrafine grain (350 nm) Sn coating on a carbon fibre paper (CFP) and tested in a Li-ion cell, were studied. Using a current density of 1.50 mA cm-2, a reversible planar capacity of 2.96 mAh cm-2 and a capacity retention of 50% after twenty cycles were measured. TEM studies showed that lithiation/ delithiation was not uniform along the diameter of the carbon fibres. Additionally, the lithiation/ delithiation of the Sn coating gradually transformed the initial Sn grains with a (200) orientation to 4 nm-size Sn nanoclusters with a (220) orientation. This created a mixture of nanoparticles with different sizes (4-100 nm) and orientations embedded in an amorphous matrix that filled the micro-pores between the carbon fibres. Thus, the short-range electronic connection in the composite anode was undermined, and a reduction in the cell's capacity occurred.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".