Photovoltaic cells with efficiency exceeding 10% using monocrystalline CuInSe/sub 2/ substrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photovoltaic cells with the structure of ZnO/CdS/CuInSe/sub 2/ have been fabricated on single crystal CuInSe/sub 2/ substrates obtained from p-type Bridgman-grown ingots. A chemical bath method was used to deposit the CdS film onto the abrasively-polished CuInSe/sub 2/ substrates while RF sputtering was employed for the ZnO deposition. It was found that the performance of these cells were dominated by the high density of surface defects, which could be reduced by a substrate annealing prior to the CdS deposition. A conversion efficiency of 10.3% at about AM 1.5 under the Sun has been achieved on solar cells with an effective area of 8 mm/sup 2/. An antireflection coating was not used in the present case.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".