Role of Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages in Defense of the Lung against<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) provide one of the first lines of defense against microbial invasion in the lower airways. The role of AM in the clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice after intrapulmonary challenge was evaluated. AM were depleted by intranasal administration of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate. At 24 h following the instillation of liposomes, a sublethal dose of P. aeruginosa was inoculated intranasally. Spleen, liver, and lung tissue was then evaluated for viable bacteria and for histopathology. AM depletion of 78 to 88% did not affect the survival rate of infected mice or clearance of P. aeruginosa from the spleen, liver, or lung, compared to the control group, but the mice's susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae was greatly enhanced. The recruitment of neutrophils to the lung was also not affected. Freshly explanted AM were not competent to phagocytose unopsonized P. aeruginosa but were able to phagocytose zymosan particles. Further studies were conducted to assess the in situ phagocytic activities of AM. Three hours after the intranasal instillation of P. aeruginosa or other particles, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. AM phagocytosis of zymosan particles and latex beads exceeded that of P. aeruginosa. Neutrophils were recruited to the lung in response to a high-dose bacterial challenge. These results suggest that AM do not play an important role in defense of the lung against P. aeruginosa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".