Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 43-year-old man was referred to our outpatient clinic for a 3-week history of left ear pruritis. Prior medical history was relevant for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), gonorrhea and multiple sexual partners. Examination revealed several warts throughout the body, with several papillomatous lesions in the left ear canal (Figure 1). Excision of the lesions under local anesthesia was done. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of squamous papilloma. There was no sign of recurrence after 2 years follow-up. Squamous papillomas are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), a DNA virus of the Papovaviridae family.1 It is important to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions caused by HPV, because treatment approach is different. There is a wide variety of clinical presentations secondary to HPV infection: common warts, vulvar or oral papilloma, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, keratoacanthoma, etc.2 The most common affected sites in the head and neck region are the skin, oral mucosa and upper aerodigestive tract.1 Ear canal papillomas are rare and generally associated with low-risk HPV types 6 and 11, although type 6 is more prevalent.1,3 There is no association with age or sex.1 Transmission mode to the external ear canal in not known. It probably originates from contaminated fingers or objects rather than through sexual contact or vaginal delivery.1 Itching and fullness sensation are generally the primary complaints of patients, but squamous papillomas are often asymptomatic. Excision is warranted in the respiratory tract (e.g. laryngeal papillomatosis), if the lesion is symptomatic or if there is a doubt of malignancy. Several treatment options exist: cryotherapy, curettage, topical anti-viral agents, immunostimulants, antimitotic agents and laser.4 Surgical excision is successful in most cases and few tumours recur.1 Multiple warts should raise the possibility of HIV or other immunocompromised state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".