Broadband Compact 180$^{\circ}$ Hybrid Derived From the Wilkinson Divider
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel 180° hybrid is proposed. This hybrid is derived from the Wilkinson divider, where the resistor is simply replaced by a fourth port of equal characteristic impedance, which acts as the ¿ port of the hybrid, while the input port of the original Wilkinson divider acts as the ¿ port. Due to this structure, including only two quarter-wavelength transmission lines, this hybrid has a greatly reduced size compared with the conventional hybrid rat-race and miniaturized variants of it. Furthermore, it exhibits a significantly improved bandwidth. The measured 0.5-dB insertion loss bandwidth is over 200% for ¿ power division and 66% for ¿ power division (with 50-¿ load). Due to its perfectly symmetric configuration, the proposed hybrid features frequency-independent power-dividing balance performance. The 0.5-dB amplitude imbalance for both the ¿ and ¿ port divisions has essentially unlimited bandwidth, and the measured phase imbalance is within 3°over all frequencies. The proposed hybrid also shows excellent ¿ - ¿ port isolation with a measured result exceeding 30 dB over all frequencies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".