Broadband Compact 180$^{\circ}$ Hybrid Derived From the Wilkinson Divider
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel 180° hybrid is proposed. This hybrid is derived from the Wilkinson divider, where the resistor is simply replaced by a fourth port of equal characteristic impedance, which acts as the ¿ port of the hybrid, while the input port of the original Wilkinson divider acts as the ¿ port. Due to this structure, including only two quarter-wavelength transmission lines, this hybrid has a greatly reduced size compared with the conventional hybrid rat-race and miniaturized variants of it. Furthermore, it exhibits a significantly improved bandwidth. The measured 0.5-dB insertion loss bandwidth is over 200% for ¿ power division and 66% for ¿ power division (with 50-¿ load). Due to its perfectly symmetric configuration, the proposed hybrid features frequency-independent power-dividing balance performance. The 0.5-dB amplitude imbalance for both the ¿ and ¿ port divisions has essentially unlimited bandwidth, and the measured phase imbalance is within 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> over all frequencies. The proposed hybrid also shows excellent ¿ - ¿ port isolation with a measured result exceeding 30 dB over all frequencies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".