Rosa carolina (Rosaceae) Subspecies and Hybrids in Eastern and Midwestern United States, Canada, and Mexico
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three subspecies of Rosa carolina L. (Rosaceae) are recognized in eastern Canada, the United States, and Mexico, including one change in combination and status and a new subspecies, respectively: R. carolina subsp. subserrulata (Rydberg) W. H. Lewis and R. carolina subsp. mexicoensis W. H. Lewis. Rosa carolina subsp. subserrulata occurs commonly in the western range of the species centered in the Ozark Plateau and adjacent areas, north in the midwestern United States to eastern Lake Superior in Canada, and infrequently to the eastern ranges of the Appalachian and Allegheny Mountains, while R. carolina subsp. mexicoensis is a southern disjunct subspecies of the Sierra Madre Oriental in northeastern Mexico. Two nothospecies are described for putative hybrids: R. ×medioccidentis W. H. Lewis is recognized between R. carolina and R. arkansana Porter in the midwestern United States, and R. ×novae-angliae W. H. Lewis between R. carolina and R. virginiana Miller in the eastern United States region of New England. Synonyms are provided for appropriate subspecies and hybrids. Two lectotypes are designated here, and representative exsiccatae or paratypes are given for the new subspecies and nothospecies. The following names are lectotypified: R. rudiuscula Greene and R. serrulata Rafinesque.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".