Interactions between humic matter and bacteria when disinfecting water with UV light
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: To investigate the impact of aquatic humic matter on the inactivation of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis by ultraviolet (UV) light. METHODS AND RESULTS: A bench-scale study investigated the potential for Aldrich((R)) humic acid (AHA) and Suwannee River natural organic matter (SR-NOM) to coat the surface of E. coli and B. subtilis and offer protection from low-pressure UV light. UV doses of 5 and 14 mJ cm(-2) were applied using a collimated beam at four concentrations of humic matter (0, 10, 50 and 120 mg l(-1)) in reagent grade water. Both AHA and SR-NOM were found to offer statistically significant protection of both E. coli and B. subtilis at concentrations of 50 and 120 mg l(-1) for a UV dose of 14 mJ cm(-2). CONCLUSIONS: Both E. coli and B. subtilis are susceptible to coating by humic matter which can reduce the sensitivity of the cells to UV light. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Micro-organisms in the environment may acquire characteristics through interaction with humic matter that render them more resistant to UV disinfection than would be predicted based on laboratory inactivation studies using clean cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".