Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: long-term follow-up and the inevitability to fibrillate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This editorial refers to ‘Outcome of anatomic ganglionated plexi ablation to treat paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a 3-year follow-up study’ by E. Mikhaylov et al ., on page 362. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation has been defined as atrial fibrillation that is self-terminating and lasting <7 days.1 The majority of patients with such conditions typically consists of individuals (mostly men aged <70 years) with a CHADS score of ≤2. Although precipitating factors may occur, most patients have recurrent episodes of atrial fibrillation that eventually (not always) require treatment. The treatment of underlying risk factors for atrial fibrillation, such as hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnoea, may help reduce the burden of atrial fibrillation, but the elimination of atrial fibrillation using this strategy is infrequent. The natural history of atrial fibrillation has shown that atrial fibrillation will inevitably recur in a substantial number of patients.1,2 Trials evaluating anti-arrhythmic drug treatment have typically been evaluated by the length of time without atrial fibrillation. The safety profile of anti-arrhythmic agents has limited their clinical use, but generally, especially in healthier patients, the majority of patients will have a significant increase in the duration of atrial fibrillation free episodes. In a recent study that compared dronedarone with placebo, this new class-3 anti-arrhythmic agent was shown to increase the duration of time in sinus rhythm from 41 days to 96 days, P < 0.01. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".