Interstitial instrumentation for therapeutic ultrasonic heating: modeling the discrete blood vessels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Instrumentation for interstitial ultrasound (US) heating is an important emerging technology in thermotherapy of deep seated tumors or those hard to reach by external devices. The instrumentation has special significance in case of radio-and/or chemotherapy resistant lesions. Its efficacy strongly depends on local tissue properties, especially local blood vessels. We evaluate effects of the vessels on temperature distribution elevated from basal by deposition of ultrasound energy. In the proposed model, we take into account several micron diameter vessels in proximity to the US four-applicator array. At large distances from the array, the volume is assigned a modified effective thermal conductivity. Our Finite Element Analysis of the so-defined problem shows that modelling under the assumption of constant, basal temperature across the vessels' lumen leads to erroneous results. The simulations agree best with experiments if fixed nodal temperature is applied at 60% of the lumen. We specify requirements on the array to avoid local underheating that could lead to performance failure of the instrumentation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".