Improvement of soybean somatic embryo development and maturation by abscisic acid treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recovery of tissue culture-derived plants through somatic embryogenesis is a useful system for genetic engineering of soybean. The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on soybean somatic embryogenesis, development, and maturation was investigated. ABA at 1, 10, 50, 100, and 500 µM were applied at different stages of embryo development; namely, at the globular stage in suspension culture, at the development stage and at the maturation stage on solid media. ABA promoted embryo growth and development when applied at the globular stage. Embryo size, after 15 d and after 1 mo on development medium, was significantly greater than that without exposure to ABA. ABA promoted normal embryo morphogenesis and 62% more normal embryos developed when embryos were treated with ABA at the globular stage. ABA treated-embryos showed an increased tolerance to partial desiccation (from 24% to 78%) and exhibited an increased germination capability relative to non-ABA-treated controls (54% versus 8%). Somatic embryos appeared to undergo a decreasing sensitivity to ABA during maturation. ABA did not show an effect when applied during embryo development and maturation stages. A protocol for more normal embryo formation and improved embryo germination is reported. Key words: Glycine max, somatic embryogenesis, in vitro culture
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".