Grain Boundary Space Charge Effect and Proton Dynamics in Chemically Stable Perovskite‐Type Ba <sub>0.5</sub> Sr <sub>0.5</sub> Ce <sub>0.6</sub> Zr <sub>0.2</sub> Gd <sub>0.1</sub> Y <sub>0.1</sub> O <sub>3−δ</sub> ( <scp>BSCZGY</scp> ): A Case Study on Effect of Sintering Temperature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study reports the effect of sintering temperature on the proton dynamics of perovskite‐type Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Ce 0.6 Zr 0.2 Gd 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3−δ ( BSCZGY ) by establishing a co‐relation between the grain‐boundary ( GB ) space charge effect, electrical conductivity and dielectric loss of the BSCZGY samples sintered at 1300°C, 1400°C, and 1550°C for 20 h in air. Although, the GB s are the main source of resistance in BaZrO 3 based ceramic proton conductors, we show that the GB impedance disappeared above 450°C and 300°C, respectively, for BSCZGY samples sintered at 1300°C and 1400°C. Interestingly, the BSCZGY sample sintered at 1550°C showed absence of GB contribution to total conductivity even at 200°C. The GB electrostatic potential [ϕ(0)] was found to vary between 0.35–0.38 V and 0.4–0.45 V, respectively, for the samples sintered at 1300°C and 1400°C at 200°C–300°C. The migration energy ( E m ) of the protons was found to be 0.71, 0.65 and 0.58 eV for the sample sintered at 1300°C, 1400°C and 1550°C, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".