Thermodynamic Analysis of Organic/Inorganic Reactions Involving Sulfur: Implications for the Sequestration of H2s in Carbonate Reservoirs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A thermodynamic analysis has been made of water-gas-rock-hydrocarbon interactions involving sulfur in carbonate reservoirs. Mineral-solution equilibria calculations indicate that formation waters produced from carbonate reservoirs at temperatures between 40°C and 160°C in the Paris Basin, Alberta Basin, and the North Sea are saturated with respect to calcite and dolomite, but undersaturated with respect to anhydrite. The calculations also suggest that increasing the activity of dissolved H2S (aH2S(aq)) in the reservoirs favors the formation of elemental sulfur, which constitutes a potential sequestration reaction for H2S. It is also shown that high partial pressures of H2S generated by thermochemical sulfate reduction in carbonate reservoirs may be controlled by metastable equilibrium states between hydrocarbons, organic sulfur compounds, elemental sulfur, and H2S at partial pressures which are 4 to 6 orders of magnitude higher than in clastic reservoirs where the H2S partial pressures are controlled by pyrite and iron carbonates. Depending on the H/C ratios of the hydrocarbons and organic sulfur compounds, H2S may be consumed or produced as a result of petroleum sulfurization reactions in carbonate reservoirs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".