Critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) and hematology of shortnose sturgeons (<i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i>) acclimated to three temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quantifying a species thermal tolerance is critical to assessing biological impacts of anticipated increases in temperature (e.g., climate change). Although many studies have documented the critical thermal maximum (CT max ) of fish, there is a paucity of research on thermal biology of sturgeon. The shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur, 1818) is a threatened species that exists along the eastern coast of North America. They can be exposed to temperatures ranging from freezing to above 25 °C. Using a heating rate of 6 °C/h, CT max and the associated hematological responses of shortnose sturgeon acclimated to 10, 15, and 20 °C were determined. There was a significant positive relationship between CT max and body mass, and CT max increased significantly with increases in acclimation temperature (T a ). In general, hematology of thermally stressed fish was modified relative to control (nonstressed) fish. Hematocrit, plasma lactate, and plasma Na + and Cl – of fish were all significantly influenced by thermal stress and T a . Glucose and K + were only significantly influenced by thermal stress. Future studies should address the importance of other stressors, such as salinity and toxicants, on thermal relationships of sturgeon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".