Differential expression sites of TGF-β isoforms in chicken limb buds during morphogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
TGF-β gene is expressed at various developmental stages and its principle role may be an involvement in organogenesis. The present study was performed to investigate the temporal expression of these TGF-β isoforms in the developing limb of White Leghorn Chicken, Gallus gallus (L., 1758). TGF-β isoforms were expressed in the developing limb as revealed by whole-mount in situ hybridization, but each showed a different pattern of expression. TGF-β2 was the dominant isoform compared with the other two isoforms. TGF-β2 first appeared along the proximodistal axis of the limb at stage 24 and condensed at the tip at stage 26. At stages 2931, expression appeared in digits and then was extended to the interdigital spaces. A weak signal for TGF-β3 was first shown in the developing limb at stage 26, but there was no interdigital expression, unlike for TGF-β2. TGF-β4 was expressed in the developing limb at stage 26 and only in the interdigital spaces at stage 29. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis also showed that the transcript levels of TGF-β isoforms, especially TGF-β2, drastically increased at stage 29. These results suggest that TGF-β isoforms, with their patterns of expression, are specific regulatory factors that participate in limb development and digit morphogenesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".