Bibliographic record
Abstract
(DMSO) [67-68-5] C2H6OS (MW 78.13) InChI = 1S/C2H6OS/c1-4(2)3/h1-2H3 InChIKey = IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (TFAA) [407-25-0] C4F6O3 (MW 210.03) InChI = 1S/C4F6O3/c5-3(6,7)1(11)13-2(12)4(8,9)10 InChIKey = QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (oxidant for the conversion of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively; avoids overoxidation to carboxylic acids; suitable for large-scale oxidation; gives good yields with only small amounts of byproduct methylthiomethyl ethers but alcohols can be converted to trifluoroacetate esters, particularly at higher temperatures; also used for the conversion of primary amines to sulfilimines) Alternate Name: Swern reagent. Physical Data: DMSO: mp 18.4 °C; bp 189 °C d 1.101 g cm−3. TFAA: mp −65 °C; bp 39.5–40 °C; d 1.487 g cm−3. Solubility: DMSO: sol H2O, alcohol, acetone, THF, CH2Cl2. TFAA: sol CH2Cl2, ether, THF. Drying: DMSO: distillation from CaH2 at 56–57 °C/5 mmHg2a or 83–85 °C/17 mmHg;2b storage over 3Å molecular sieves. TFAA: distillation. Form Supplied in: colorless liquids; widely available, including ‘anhydrous’ grades of DMSO packed under N2, and 99%+ TFAA. Preparative Method: The active reagent Me2S+O2CCF3 is formed rapidly on the addition of TFAA to DMSO in CH2Cl2 at −78 °C, and is used in situ. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: Dimethyl Sulfoxide is readily absorbed through the skin and should always be handled with gloves in a fume hood; reactions with DMSO form foul-smelling byproducts and should be carried out with good ventilation, and the waste byproducts and liquids used for washing should be treated with KMnO4 solution to oxidize volatile sulfur compounds; DMSO undergoes appreciable disproportionation to dimethyl sulfide (stench) and dimethyl sulfone above 90 °C on distillation at atmospheric pressure;2c Trifluoroacetic Anhydride is toxic, corrosive, and water-sensitive, and reacts violently with DMSO at rt.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".