Metal Combustion in High-Speed Flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
*† ‡ § The combustion of reactive metals (aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium) in a supersonic flow of shock-heated oxygen is investigated. The material samples are cylinders of sufficiently large size (1-3 mm diameter) that the interior of the samples remain cool for the duration of the experiment. The flow of oxygen is heated and accelerated by a strong normal shock wave driven by the detonation of an explosive charge at one end of a 1.2-mlong tube filled with gaseous oxygen; the samples were located at the other end of the tube. The shock Mach number ranged from Mach 5 to 9, generating supersonic (M > 2) flows with static temperatures of 1300 K to 3600 K. Intense surface luminosity was observed on the zirconium and titanium samples for even the weakest shock waves generated. Aluminum and magnesium were seen to be less reactive, requiring a stronger shock before the onset of reaction. The mass of material removed from the samples by reaction with the flow of oxidizer was measured as a function of shock strength. The luminosity and mass removal were shown to be combustion (as opposed to ablation followed by decoupled chemical reaction) by performing a control experiment with pure nitrogen, in which no mass removal or luminosity was observed on the sample surfaces. Nomenclature Eo
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".