An Automated High-Throughput Screening Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Johne's Disease Antibodies in Bovine Serum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amanual Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (IDEXX Inc.) was fully automated using an automation workstation system (AWS). The IDEXX commercial kit is used to screen for exposure to the Johne's disease (JD) bacterium in cattle on a herd basis. Due to the large number of sera involved in this type of surveillance project, there is a need to increase the cost effectiveness and decrease the turn around time. The purpose of the work was to develop an automated ELISA (a-ELISA) for JD antibodies screening and examine the productivity advantages, quality assured performance characteristics, the laboratory information management (LIM) work, and the multitasking provisions under this format. The AWS was assembled using a modular approach design. The high-throughput screening configuration consisted of a Beckman Coulter hybrid Biomek FX liquid-handling system integrated with a Molecular Devices Spectramax microplate reader, a Biotek ELx405 microplate washer, a Kendro Cytomat 6000 hotel, and an Axis PTZ Network camera. The integrated system function was programmed with an IBM computer using the SAMI software. This setup was housed in a Class 2 Biosafety Cabinet. This fully automated system provided flexibility to accommodate the multistep requirements of the immunoassay procedure. Complexity of the working steps was kept to a minimum by using one unique operation program. The complete robotic workstation with its peripheral equipment was simple to operate, robust, and easily maintained. These characteristics enabled the elimination of forced downtime due to human and/or machine failure. A 5 to 10 fold improvement in cost, test capacity, and productivity was achieved. With this system, one diagnostician is able to carry out over 1000 antibody screening tests a day. Based on the automated nature of the test, there is ample walk away time between the ELISA tests, enabling the technologist to multitask–performing other important duties such as sample receiving and preparation, test validation, result interpretation, information dissemination, and other related LIM work. The performance characteristics–such as repeatability, reproducibility, optimal cutoff values, identity score, test sensitivity, and specificity were evaluated. These test validation results were based on data accumulated in an 8-year proficiency testing with the US National Veterinary Services Laboratory. Our laboratory test has received certification from the United States Department of Agriculture to perform serologic testing for JD since 1998. In 2000–2001, this test scope was accredited by the Standard Council of Canada. In 2004, this a-ELISA was validated according to the requirements of the ISO/IEC 17025 standard.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".