Environmental correlates of community composition and toxicity during a bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potentially toxic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia is a common component of the microalgal assemblage in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We characterized community structure in Mobile Bay and the adjacent littoral Gulf in a bloom year (2005) and non-bloom year (2006). In both cases, a shift from domination by eukaryotes to cyanobacteria was correlated with seasonal changes in temperature, whereas the overall biomass was correlated with total nutrient concentrations down the estuarine salinity gradient. The bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. followed a period of high discharge from local aquifers that are highly contaminated with nitrate. The diatom assemblage in both bloom and non-bloom years was dominated by a suite of 12 common genera that formed three distinct clusters. The first cluster contained a single centric genus and dominated only a small fraction of samples. The second comprised four benthic and tychopelagic genera and was most common inside the shallow waters of Mobile Bay. The third comprised seven planktonic genera, including Pseudo-nitzschia spp., which was most closely associated with two well-described bloom-forming genera, Chaetoceros and Skeletonema. We argue that these occupy a ruderal niche, blooming after peaks in discharge of submarine groundwater along the littoral Gulf of Mexico. The 2005 bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was toxic, with domoic acid concentrations reaching 8.0 μg L−1 and mean cell toxin quotas reaching 4.9 pg cell−1. The mean cell toxin quotas were highly correlated (R = 0.97) with a multivariate statistic based on environmental data and were maximal at low silicate concentration, high salinity and dissolved inorganic carbon, and high irradiance. The correlations are consistent with photoacclimative status, with toxicity being highest under conditions likely to lead to excess “photon pressure”, an imbalance between generation of photosynthetic reductant and its consumption downstream.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".