The Complement System Facilitates Clearance of<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>during Murine Peritonitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Infections with multidrug-resistant enterococci are a growing problem worldwide. Little is known about the host defense against enterococcal diseases. In vitro studies have demonstrated an important role played by complement proteins in neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis. In this study, we investigated the importance of complement in an in vivo model of Enterococcus faecium peritonitis. METHODS: Peripheral neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages were incubated with E. faecium that had been preincubated with decomplemented or normal plasma, and phagocytosis and killing were examined. E. faecium peritonitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice rendered complement deficient by intraperitoneal injection with cobra venom factor (CVF) and in complement 3 (C3) knockout mice. The course of the infection was compared with that in saline control and wild-type mice, respectively, at several time points up to 48 h after infection. RESULTS: Opsonization by complement enhanced phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages. CVF-treated and C3 knockout mice were severely hampered in clearing E. faecium from all organs and tissues under study (peritoneal fluid, blood, lungs, and liver). Higher peritoneal cytokine and chemokine levels were measured in decomplemented mice, whereas no differences in systemic or peritoneal cell kinetics were detected. CONCLUSION: Complement deficiency severely hampers the clearance of E. faecium peritonitis and subsequent systemic infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".