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Record W2122832781 · doi:10.60082/0829-3929.1053

Disability, Poverty, and the Income Tax: The Case for Refundable Credits

2001· article· en· W2122832781 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Lisa Philipps

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Law and Social Policy · 2001
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicGender, Labor, and Family Dynamics
Canadian institutionsYork University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTax creditEarned income tax creditPublic economicsTax reformTax avoidanceGovernment (linguistics)Tax policyIncome taxPovertyBusinessDirect taxWork (physics)Indirect taxState income taxEconomicsEconomic growth

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

RIkSUMLes politiques fiscales a 1' 6gard des personnes handicap~es ont 6t6 sensiblement am6lio-r6es au cours des demi~res ann6es, mais elles n'ont pas aid6 les plus d6munis, qui n'ont pas un revenu suffisant pour profiter des cr&lits et d6ductions 6tablis.L' article qui suit plaide en faveur du cr6dit d'imp6t remboursable comme solution partielle a ce probl~me, tout en faisant ressortir que les mesures fiscales doivent s'accompagner d'interventions gouvernementales directes pour entrainer une v6dritable participation des personnes han-dicap6es A la vie sociale et 6nonomique.On y examine le credit d'imp6t remboursable en tant que soutien destin6 aux personnes handicap6es a faible revenu par opposition aux cr6dits non remboursables existants et aux mesures non fiscales telles que les d6penses de programmes directes.L'auteur explique ensuite comment les cr~dits d'imp6t remboursables pourraient 6tre congus de fagon a 6viter les lacunes des d6penses fiscales sur le plan de la politique g6n6rale et les obstacles constitutionnels que suppose un programme de soutien pancanadien b l'intention des personnes handicap6es.Elle s'oppose A l'adoption d'un programme de cr6dits subordonn6s au revenu comparable bL la Prestation nationale pour enfants du gouvernement canadien ou au cridit d'imp6t pour personnes handicap6es instaur6 par l'Angleterre.Son article fait plut6t l'61oge d'un cr6dit universel accord6 a chaque personne handicap6e et remboursable en cas de faible revenu.Cette mesure de soutien est le plus susceptible de nous permettre d' atteindre les objectifs fixes en mati~re de lutte contre la pauvret6, en plus de rendre l'imp6t sur le revenu plus simple et 6quitable.On suggire un moyen de concevoir un tel soutien de mani~re a tenir compte des diff6rences de sexe, de race et de classe sociale, ainsi que des ides et de la comp6tence memes des personnes vis6es.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.009
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.030
Threshold uncertainty score0.059

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.009
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0050.009
Scholarly communication0.0060.005
Open science0.0010.004
Research integrity0.0050.005
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0100.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.033
GPT teacher head0.340
Teacher spread0.307 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2001
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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