Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Augments Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake in the Obese State
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The insulinotropic hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is being examined as a potential new agent for treatment in type 2 diabetic patients. Whereas the insulinotropic properties of this peptide are well established, another property of the hormone, an insulinomimetic effect per se, is controversial. In the normal glucose-tolerant lean state, it is difficult to demonstrate an insulinomimetic effect. The current study was conducted to examine whether GLP-1 has insulinomimetic effect in the obese state. Ten obese volunteers (body mass index, 34.6 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2)), whose ages were 32.5 +/- 3.0 yr, participated in two euglycemic clamp studies (n = 20 clamps) for 120 min. Five of the volunteers were females. The initial clamp was performed with a primed (0-10)-constant (10-60) infusion of GLP-1 at a final rate of 1.5 pmol x kg(-1) x min(-1). At 60 min, the GLP-1 infusion was terminated, and euglycemic was maintained from 60-120 min. After the GLP-1 study, each individual's plasma insulin level was measured. A second study was performed that was identical to the first, with the infusion of regular insulin in place of GLP-1. Insulin infusion rates were regulated in each individual to simulate plasma insulin levels produced during the GLP-1 infusion. The rate of disappearance of glucose was calculated for each subject. Fasting plasma insulin levels were similar between studies. In response to the GLP-1 infusion, with maintenance of plasma glucose level clamped at fasting level, significant increases in plasma insulin occurred in all subjects (P < 0.001). The insulin levels during the insulin infusion study were similar to that induced by GLP-1. The rate of disappearance of glucose (insulin-mediated glucose uptake) progressively increased in response to both the GLP-1 and insulin infusion. However, the rate of disappearance of glucose during the GLP-1 study was significantly higher (P = 0.033) than during the insulin study. We conclude that in insulin-resistant states, GLP-1 has insulinomimetic properties per se.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".