Phytochemistry and Antibacterial Activity of Senna alata Flower
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phytochemistry and antibacterial potency of some crude and partially purified fractions of Senna alata flower was examined against 22 bacterial strains. The crude plant extracts, containing steroids, anthraquinone glycosides, volatile oils and tannins, exhibited a high minimum inhibitory concentration of 500 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida, but was generally inactive against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas fluorescens (above 1000 µg/mL). However, the partially purified plant extract was bacteriostatic at a low concentration of 100 µg/mL, with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 500 µg/mL, primarily against the Gram positive organisms. At a concentration slightly above the minimum inhibitory concentration, the purified extract was nearly as potent as standard antibiotics, exhibiting zones of bacterial growth inhibition ranging from 10 to 25 mm, even against multiple antibiotic resistant local isolates that were not susceptible to methicillin, penicillin and streptomycin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".